Science
Science: physics, biology, chemistry, astronomy and space, neuroscience, and research explained.
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Simulation as an engine of physical scene understanding pnas.org
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013. [All Versions]. [Appendix]. The first attempt to computationally simulate intuitive physics.
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Scientific Representation plato.stanford.edu
Plato Stanford. A computational philosophy account on scientific representation, focusing on how scientific models represent their target systems.
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Scientific Reduction plato.stanford.edu
Plato Stanford. A computational philosophy account on Scientific Reduction, which comes with no explicit boundary with Explanation.
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Scientific Explanation plato.stanford.edu
Plato Stanford. A computational philosophy account on Scientific Explanation, a canonical application of Abduction.
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Scientific Discovery plato.stanford.edu
Plato Stanford. A computational philosophy account on Scientific Discovery, the process or product of successful scientific inquiry, sometimes an Abduction-like (Explanation) thinking pattern.
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Levels of Analysis in Computational Social Science people.csail.mit.edu
CogSci'18, 2018. [All Versions]. A Marr's paradigm account on computational social science.
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Similarity involving attributes and relations: Judgments of similarity and difference are not inverses pcl.sitehost.iu.edu
Psychological Science, 1990. [All Versions].
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Scaling up experimental social, behavioral, and economic science osf.io
Open Science Foundation Preprints. [All Versions]. A white paper on scaling up social, behavioral, and econimic experiments.
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Learning to Perform Physics Experiments via Deep Reinforcement Learning openreview.net
ICLR'17, 2017. [All Versions].
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Hierarchically Encapsulated Representation for Protocol Design in Self-Driving Labs openreview.net
ICLR'25, 2025. [All Versions]. [Project]. Self-driving laboratories have begun to replace human experimenters in performing single experimental skills or predetermined experimental protocols. However, as the pace of idea iteration in scientific research has been intensified by…
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ImageBind: One Embedding Space To Bind Them All openaccess.thecvf.com
CVPR'23, 2023. [All Versions]. [Project]. This work presents ImageBind, an approach to learn a joint embedding across six different modalities - images, text, audio, depth, thermal, and IMU data. The authors show that all combinations of paired data are not necessary to train…
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Computational Models of Emotion Inference in Theory of Mind: A Review and Roadmap onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Topics in Cognitive Science, 2019. [All Versions]. This paper proposes an intuitive theory framework to studying affective cognition—how humans reason about emotions—and derive a taxonomy of inferences within affective cognition. Using this taxonomy, the authors review formal…
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Rational Use of Cognitive Resources: Levels of Analysis Between the Computational and the Algorithmic onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Topics in Cognitive Science, 2015. [All Versions]. An earlier version of the paper above.
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Computational Rationality: Linking Mechanism and Behavior Through Bounded Utility Maximization onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Topics in Cognitive Science, 2014. [All Versions]. Introducing the computational rationality framework for including information-processing bounds in rational analyses, which emphasizes the incorporation of computational mechanism into the definition of rational action.
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The AHA! Experience: Creativity Through Emergent Binding in Neural Networks onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Cognitive Science, 2012. [All Versions].
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Graphical Language Games: Interactional Constraints on Representational Form onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Cognitive Science, 2007. [All Versions]. The first paper introducing the graphical language game.
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What Is the Model in Model-Based Planning? onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Cognitive Science, 2021. [All Versions].
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The Interactive Evolution of Human Communication Systems onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Cognitive Science, 2010. [All Versions]. Nicolas Fay's original paper on iconicity.
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Inferring causal networks from observations and interventions onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Cognitive Science, 2010. [All Versions].
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Use of current explanations in multicausal abductive reasoning onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Cognitive Science, 2001. [All Versions].
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Representations in distributed cognitive tasks onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Cognitive Science, 1994. [All Versions].
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Dual Space Search During Scientific Reasoning onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Cognitive Science, 1988. [All Versions]. The original paper on the dual space search as scientific thinking theory.
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Learning overhypotheses with hierarchical Bayesian models onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Developmental Science, 2007. [All Versions].
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Reproducibility in automated chemistry laboratories using computer science abstractions nature.com
Nature Synthesis, 2024. [All Versions]. While abstraction is critical for the transferability of automated laboratory science in (bio)chemical and materials sciences, its improper implementation is a technical debt taken against the reproducibility of experimental results. Over…
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Balancing autonomy and expertise in autonomous synthesis laboratories nature.com
Nature Computational Science, 2025. [All Versions]. Autonomous synthesis laboratories promise to streamline the plan–make–measure–analyze iteration loop. Here, the authors comment on the barriers in the field, the promise of a human on-the-loop approach, and strategies for…
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Quantifying artificial intelligence through algorithmic generalization nature.com
Nature Machine Intelligence, 2025. [All Versions]. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems has created an urgent need for their scientific quantification. While their fluency across a variety of domains is impressive, AI systems fall short on tests…
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Large language models for scientific discovery in molecular property prediction nature.com
Nature Machine Intelligence, 2025. [All Versions]. Large language models (LLMs) are a form of artificial intelligence system encapsulating vast knowledge in the form of natural language. These systems are adept at numerous complex tasks including creative writing, storytelling…
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Augmenting large language models with chemistry tools nature.com
Nature Machine Intelligence, 2023. [All Versions]. [Preprint]. This paper introduces ChemCrow, an LLM chemistry agent designed to accomplish tasks across organic synthesis, drug discovery and materials design. By integrating 18 expert-designed tools and using GPT-4 as the LLM…
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An intelligent guided troubleshooting method for aircraft based on HybirdRAG nature.com
Scientific Reports, 2025. [All Versions]. To enhance aircraft fault diagnosis efficiency, this paper proposes HybridRAG, an intelligent-guided troubleshooting framework that integrates knowledge graphs and large language models (LLMs). Unlike conventional retrieval-augmented…
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Dual retrieving and ranking medical large language model with retrieval augmented generation nature.com
Scientific Reports, 2025. [All Versions]. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced text generation across various sectors; however, their medical application faces critical challenges regarding both accuracy and real-time responsiveness…
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Meta-analysis of the functional neuroimaging literature with probabilistic logic programming nature.com
Scientific Reports, 2022. [All Versions]. Inferring reliable brain-behavior associations requires synthesizing evidence from thousands of functional neuroimaging studies through meta-analysis. However, existing meta-analysis tools are limited to investigating simple…
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Design of metalloproteins and novel protein folds using variational autoencoders nature.com
Scientific Reports, 2018. [All Versions]. The design of novel proteins has many applications but remains an attritional process with success in isolated cases. Meanwhile, deep learning technologies have exploded in popularity in recent years and are increasingly applicable to…
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Using human brain activity to guide machine learning nature.com
Scientific Report, 2018. [All Versions].
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Scientific Data, 2024. [All Versions]. Although cellular senescence is a key factor in organismal aging, with both positive and negative effects on individuals, its mechanisms remain largely unknown. Thus, integrating knowledge is essential to explain how cellular senescence…
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Scientific Data, 2020. [All Versions]. [Project]. Advances in computer-assisted linguistic research have been greatly influential in reshaping linguistic research. With the increasing availability of interconnected datasets created and curated by researchers, more and more…
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Shared computational principles for language processing in humans and deep language models nature.com
Nature Neuroscience, 2022. [All Versions].
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Towards end-to-end automation of AI research nature.com
Nature, 2026. [All Versions]. The automation of science is a long-standing ambition in artificial intelligence (AI) research. Although the community has made substantial progress in automating individual components of the scientific process, a system that autonomously navigates…
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The Virtual Lab of AI agents designs new SARS-CoV-2 nanobodies nature.com
Nature, 2025. [All Versions]. Science frequently benefits from teams of interdisciplinary researchers, but many scientists do not have easy access to experts from multiple fields. Although large language models (LLMs) have shown an impressive ability to aid researchers across…
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Language is primarily a tool for communication rather than thought nature.com
Nature, 2024. [All Versions]. This perspective brings recent evidence from neuroscience and allied disciplines to argue that in modern humans, language is a tool for communication, contrary to a prominent view that we use language for thinking. The authors begins by introducing…
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Scientific discovery in the age of artificial intelligence nature.com
Nature, 2023. [All Versions]. A review article that examines breakthroughs over the past decade that include self-supervised learning, which allows models to be trained on vast amounts of unlabelled data, and geometric deep learning, which leverages knowledge about the…
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A mobile robotic chemist nature.com
Nature, 2020. [All Versions]. [Preprint]. This work uses a mobile robot to search for improved photocatalysts for hydrogen production from water. The robot operated autonomously over eight days, performing 688 experiments within a ten-variable experimental space, driven by a…
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How laypeople evaluate scientific explanations containing jargon nature.com
Nature Human Behavior, 2025. [All Versions]. Individuals rely on others’ expertise to achieve a basic understanding of the world. But how can non-experts achieve understanding from explanations that, by definition, they are ill-equipped to assess? Across 9 experiments with…
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Building machines that learn and think with people nature.com
Nature Human Behavior, 2024. [All Versions]. [Preprint]. This perspective shows how the science of collaborative cognition can be put to work to engineer systems that really can be called ‘thought partners’, systems built to meet humans' expectations and complement humans…
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Intuitive physics learning in a deep-learning model inspired by developmental psychology nature.com
Nature Human Behavior, 2022. [All Versions]. A machine-learning dataset designed to evaluate conceptual understanding of intuitive physics, adopting the violation-of-expectation (VoE) paradigm from developmental psychology; a deep-learning system that learns intuitive physics…
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A manifesto for reproducible science nature.com
Nature Human Behavior, 2017. [All Versions].
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Bridging the information gap in organic chemical reactions nature.com
Nature Chemistry, 2024. [All Versions]. This perspective article formulates eight principles to improve data management in scientific publications relating to data standardization, reproducibility and evaluation, and encourage scientists to go beyond current publication…
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An autonomous portable platform for universal chemical synthesis nature.com
Nature Chemistry, 2022. [All Versions]. [Preprint]. This paper presents a portable suitcase-sized chemical synthesis platform containing all the modules required for synthesis and purification. The system uses a chemical programming language coupled to a digital reactor…
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Convergence of multiple synthetic paradigms in a universally programmable chemical synthesis machine nature.com
Nature Chemistry, 2020. [All Versions]. [Preprint]. Although the automatic synthesis of molecules has been established, each reaction class uses bespoke hardware. This means that the connection of multi-step syntheses in a single machine to run many different protocols and…
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PatCID: an open-access dataset of chemical structures in patent documents nature.com
Nature Communications, 2024. [All Versions]. The automatic analysis of patent publications has potential to accelerate research across various domains, including drug discovery and material science. Within patent documents, crucial information often resides in visual depictions…
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Structured information extraction from scientific text with large language models nature.com
Nature Communications, 2024. [All Versions]. This paper presents a simple approach to joint named entity recognition and relation extraction and demonstrate how pretrained large language models can be fine-tuned to extract useful records of complex scientific knowledge. The…
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